{"id":1870,"date":"2026-05-12T17:04:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T00:04:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/?p=1870"},"modified":"2026-05-12T17:41:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T00:41:49","slug":"cb-t-1209-1992-metallographic-testing-standard-for-0cr17ni4cu4nb-17-4ph-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/cb-t-1209-1992-metallographic-testing-standard-for-0cr17ni4cu4nb-17-4ph-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"CB\/T 1209-1992: Metallographic Testing Standard for 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb (17-4PH) Stainless Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>CB\/T 1209-1992: Metallographic Testing Standard for 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb (17-4PH) Martensitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel<\/h2>\n<p>This article provides a comprehensive translation and overview of the Chinese Shipbuilding Industry Standard <strong>CB\/T 1209-1992<\/strong>, which specifies the metallographic testing requirements for <strong>0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb (17-4PH)<\/strong> martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel \u2014 a material commonly used in marine engineering, flange manufacturing, and high-performance applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Standard Information:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Standard Number:<\/strong> CB\/T 1209-1992<\/li>\n<li><strong>Approval Date:<\/strong> July 4, 1992<\/li>\n<li><strong>Implementation Date:<\/strong> March 1, 1993<\/li>\n<li><strong>Issuing Authority:<\/strong> China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr>\n<h2>1. Subject and Scope<\/h2>\n<p>This standard specifies the basic requirements for metallographic testing of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Metallographic microstructure examination<\/li>\n<li>Grain size grading and evaluation methods<\/li>\n<li>\u03b4-ferrite content evaluation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This standard applies to the inspection of microstructural state, grain size grade, and \u03b4-ferrite content of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel.<\/p>\n<h2>2. Referenced Standards<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>GB 6394<\/strong> \u2014 Metal Average Grain Size Determination Method<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>3. Designations<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Designation<\/th>\n<th>Description<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>TS1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Annealed condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>TS2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Hot-rolled condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>TS3<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Solution-treated condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>TS4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Aged condition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>G<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Grain size<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u03b4-ferrite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>4. Metallographic Sampling and Result Reporting<\/h2>\n<h3>4.1 Sampling<\/h3>\n<p>Metallographic test specimens shall be taken from actual parts or from test bars of the same material and heat-treated together with the parts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>For \u03b4-ferrite content measurement: the test surface shall be <strong>parallel<\/strong> to the rolling direction.<\/li>\n<li>For microstructural state and grain size evaluation: the test surface shall be <strong>perpendicular<\/strong> to the rolling direction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>4.2 Result Reporting<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>4.2.1<\/strong> If the evaluation result matches a reference grade chart, the result is expressed by that grade level, e.g., G1, G2, etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>4.2.2<\/strong> If the result falls between two grades, it is expressed as both grades, e.g., F2\/3, F3\/4. The dominant grade is indicated by a short underline below its number \u2014 e.g., F2\/3 means the \u03b4-ferrite content falls between Grade 2 and Grade 3, with Grade 2 being dominant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Evaluation Methods<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 Microstructure Examination<\/h3>\n<p>Microstructure examination is performed on the polished and etched (or electrolytically etched) specimen surface. Recommended etching reagents are listed in Appendix A (reference). Magnification: <strong>400\u00d7<\/strong>. The observed field of view should be representative of the entire specimen&#8217;s microstructure.<\/p>\n<h3>5.2 Grain Size Evaluation<\/h3>\n<p>Grain size evaluation is performed on the polished and etched specimen surface.<\/p>\n<h4>5.2.1 Comparison Method<\/h4>\n<p>When using the comparison method to evaluate grain size grade, the prepared specimen is examined at <strong>100\u00d7<\/strong> or <strong>400\u00d7<\/strong> magnification. Select a representative field of view and compare it with the reference grain size charts (Section 6.2). The closest matching grade is assigned as the specimen&#8217;s grain size grade.<\/p>\n<p>If the grain size exceeds the standard&#8217;s grading range, observe at an appropriate magnification and then convert to the standard grain size grade.<\/p>\n<p><strong>At least 5 fields of view<\/strong> shall be evaluated, and the grade of the majority of fields shall be used. Individual fields that differ significantly shall be noted separately.<\/p>\n<h4>5.2.2 Direct Measurement Method<\/h4>\n<p>The direct measurement method for grain size shall follow the procedures and requirements described in <strong>GB 6394<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>5.3 \u03b4-Ferrite Content Evaluation<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>5.3.1<\/strong> The \u03b4-ferrite content is expressed as the percentage of the total area of \u03b4-ferrite phase within the field of view relative to the entire field of view area.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5.3.2<\/strong> Evaluation is performed on the polished and etched specimen surface at <strong>100\u00d7<\/strong> magnification. \u03b4-ferrite appears as strip-like distributions along the rolling direction. Select a representative field of view and compare with the reference charts (Section 6.3).<\/li>\n<li><strong>5.3.3<\/strong> At least 5 fields of view shall be evaluated, and the arithmetic mean shall be taken.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>6. Metallographic Evaluation Grade Charts<\/h2>\n<h3>6.1 Microstructural State Evaluation<\/h3>\n<p>0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel typically exhibits <strong>four microstructural states<\/strong>, as listed below:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>State Code<\/th>\n<th>Condition<\/th>\n<th>Magnification<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>TS1<\/td>\n<td>Annealed<\/td>\n<td>400\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TS2<\/td>\n<td>Hot-rolled<\/td>\n<td>400\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TS3<\/td>\n<td>Solution-treated<\/td>\n<td>400\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>TS4<\/td>\n<td>Aged<\/td>\n<td>400\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Abnormal structures:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Figure 5:<\/strong> Burned (overheated) structure \u2014 characterized by \u03b4-ferrite precipitating along grain boundaries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Figure 6:<\/strong> Severely burned (severely overheated) structure \u2014 similar characteristic but more pronounced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>6.2 Grain Size Evaluation Charts<\/h3>\n<p>Grain size is divided into <strong>8 grades (G1\u2013G8)<\/strong>. Evaluation charts are provided at both 100\u00d7 and 400\u00d7 magnification (Figures 7\u201314).<\/p>\n<h3>6.3 \u03b4-Ferrite Content Evaluation Charts<\/h3>\n<p>\u03b4-ferrite content is divided into <strong>7 grades (F1\u2013F7)<\/strong>, representing the percentage of \u03b4-ferrite phase area. Evaluation charts are provided at 100\u00d7 magnification (Figures 15\u201321).<\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Original Standard Document (PDF)<\/h2>\n<p>The original Chinese standard document can be downloaded below:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CBT_1209-1992_17-4PH_Metallographic_Testing.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800px\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; border-radius: 8px;\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udcc4 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/CBT_1209-1992_17-4PH_Metallographic_Testing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download Original PDF: CB\/T 1209-1992 (17-4PH Metallographic Testing Standard)<\/a><\/p>\n<hr>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>The CB\/T 1209-1992 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the metallographic quality assessment of 17-4PH stainless steel \u2014 a critical material in marine, flange, and high-performance engineering applications. Understanding and properly applying these evaluation methods ensures material quality and structural integrity in critical service environments.<\/p>\n<p><em>This translation is provided for reference purposes. For official and authoritative interpretation, please refer to the original Chinese standard document published by China State Shipbuilding Corporation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>WhatsApp:<\/strong>\u00a0+86-18658777855<br \/>\n<strong>Email:<\/strong>\u00a01007788887@qq.com<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.720yun.com\/vr\/a6ajt7ynrw0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1480\" src=\"http:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1290\" height=\"2317\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1.webp 1290w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-167x300.webp 167w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-570x1024.webp 570w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-768x1379.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-855x1536.webp 855w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-1140x2048.webp 1140w, https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/4-1-7x12.webp 7w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1290px) 100vw, 1290px\" \/><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Complete English translation and overview of the Chinese shipbuilding industry standard CB\/T 1209-1992 for 17-4PH martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel metallographic testing, including microstructure, grain size, and \u03b4-ferrite evaluation.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[240,268],"tags":[429,431,433,436,432,434,430,435,437,97],"class_list":["post-1870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-standards-guide","category-technical-reference","tag-17-4ph","tag-cb-t-1209-1992","tag-delta-ferrite","tag-flange-materials","tag-grain-size","tag-marine-standards","tag-metallographic-testing","tag-precipitation-hardening","tag-quality-inspection","tag-stainless-steel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1870"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1873,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1870\/revisions\/1873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.songhaiflanges.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}